ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we analyse the consequences of COVID-19 for students in primary and secondary education in the Netherlands for both cognitive and non-cognitive skills. We seek to explain how resilient students are, and if they are bouncing back from the learning losses that were developed during the pandemic. We look at comprehensive reading and mathematics skills for both primary and secondary school students, using both national as well as international PISA tests for our analyses. For non-cognitive skills, we look at curiosity, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. We conclude this chapter with an overview of interventions and measures during and after the pandemic, and its impacts on schools.
