ABSTRACT
When Jaap Kloosterman stepped down as director of the Iish in 2008, he took over collection development for the Spanish department from the author of this article. This brought him back to one of his old areas of interest, namely social history of Spain, especially the part most prominently represented in the Spanish collections of the Institute: anarchism and anarchosyndicalism. The latter movement was organized before and during the Spanish Civil War as the powerful Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (cnt), uniting hundreds of thousands of industrial and agricultural workers.
