ABSTRACT
In November 2011 the Iish received a picture of a group of people sitting in a conference room. On the back of the badly damaged photograph is written: “Congrès néo-malthusien de La Haye 15 X 1911”. It was donated by Claude Villon, a French actress whose real name was Lucette Humbert. She was the daughter of the French anarchists, pacifists, and neo-Malthusians Eugène and Jeanne Humbert, whose papers are kept in the Institute. 1 At first I recognized only Marie Rutgers-Hoitsema, president of the Dutch Neo-Malthusian League (nmb) and Martina Kramers, board member of that organization. The nmb did organize a neo-Malthusian conference in The Hague, but that meeting took place in 1910, not 1911. 2
