This chapter summarises and reflects on the findings of this book. The purpose of the book is to demonstrate the potential measures and sectors for and importance of stakeholder engagement and grassroots activities, as well as the factors influencing the emergence of social acceptability in the context of the energy transition. These topics are examined using case studies mainly from the countries of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Demand-side, bottom-up, decentralised activities have largely been a ‘blind spot’ in national energy policy, even in progressive countries with ambitious goals for an energy transition. As shown in this book, bottom-up activities are critical to the decarbonisation of the economy, as well as to the provision of energy security, energy democracy and social justice, and thus to the overall success of the energy transition. This edited volume also demonstrates that the BSR is a ‘laboratory’ for ideas, approaches, initiatives and challenges associated with the bottom-up engagement of civil society in climate and energy issues. The BSR is uniquely positioned to serve as a laboratory due to the diverse socio-political, cultural and legal features, histories, and energy profiles and strategies that characterise the region. In this chapter, we describe possible forms of participation as well as the factors that foster this participation. Requirements for institutional and legal design to activate people are briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise the holistic policy recommendations that can be applied even in countries beyond the borders of the BSR.