ABSTRACT
The prevention of flood damage appears at first sight to be a classic example of a service to be delivered by the state; it would be inefficient for each citizen to provide his own protection and the benefits of collective protection infrastructure are independent of its number of users and non-excludable. This chapter presents a case study which gives a short overview on how citizen co-production emerged in the discourse and practice of flood risk governance in England (UK), the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium). Both in England, the Netherlands and Flanders, policymakers advocate an increased citizen involvement in the implementation of flood risk measures, albeit in divergent forms and degrees. In England, citizen co-production is far more developed than is the case in the Netherlands or Flanders. This conclusion relates both to coercive and incentivised co-production, combined co-creation and co-production, infrastructural and organisational measures, and individual and community-based co-production.
