ABSTRACT
The Fin De Siècle saw new dimensions to nationalism and the various political discourses about nations emerge as the general political and diplomatic context became transformed. The new nationalism of the Fin De Siècle was not only more self-conscious but also relied more explicitly on defining 'the other'. This chapter presents several examples of nationalism during the Fin De Siècle, beginning first of all with France and Germany, as examples of the traditional state-centred nation, before turning to the more diverse example of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the phenomenon of regionalism that was a related and increasingly significant factor at the time. The key developments in the rise of nationalism in Austria-Hungary were the spread of education and the development of written versions of what would become the national languages. Across Europe during the Fin De Siècle, regions and regionalism were becoming widespread and gaining in significance, though they were not always as widely known or visible as nationalism.
