This chapter addresses food security in the Barents Region. Food insecurity is interlinked with political, economic, health, environmental, personal, and community insecurities as indicators of human security. As investment in the region grows, human activities also threaten food and human security. Food security is threatened by climate change, human activity and globalisation in all its dimensions. As societies in the Barents Region become increasingly globalised, food products are now constantly transported over long distances to remote communities in the region, resulting in rising consequences for food safety and security. The impact of globalisation and the growing roles of multinational corporations associated with extractive industries is also a challenge to food security in the Barents Region. Traditional food in the Arctic-Barents includes beliefs about food health benefits and spiritual provisioning, use of food for its educational value, economic benefits and place in the social fabric of community life.