ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the Daoist encounter with modernity in twentiethcentury China. It focuses on nationalism and Daoist resilience, reinvigoration, and revival. Since both nationalism and Daoism are transformations of premodern traditions and identities, the emergence of the modern category of ‘Daoism’ is a product of the encounter with the West. Daoism was nationalized in early twentieth century and Daoism was made a part of national identity. The efforts to renew and reform Daoism became deeply engaged with nationalism, science, the religious reform movements, as well as other movements of modernity. According to these Daoist leaders, promoting Daoism has a positive impact on modern China, including building a sense of community, forging cultural self-identity, and strengthening the nation.
