ABSTRACT
This chapter explains how exploitation is related to practices of slavery, forced and compulsory labour, and trafficking in human beings. Understanding the different types and levels of abuse of workers and how such practices are legally qualified help to distinguish between bad labour conditions and exploitation. Rijken pays special attention to the recent case of Chowdury et al., vs Greece in which the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) clarified some aspects related to forced labour but left others untouched. Based on the concepts of consent, coercion, and vulnerability, Rijken provides a framework that can be used to determine when a situation is qualified as exploitation.
