ABSTRACT
Life evolved in water. Animal cells are bathed by blood and fluids, the compositions of which are rigidly controlled by the body. Biological macromolecules are adapted to function in this aqueous cellular environment. It is essential that biological solutions are prepared properly. Improperly prepared biological solutions can lead to failed experiments, incorrect test results, and improperly produced products. Water, the solvent, is arguably the most important ingredient in biological solutions. It is certainly the ingredient required in the largest amount. Obtaining water of an acceptable purity is, therefore, an essential task in any biotechnology facility. Chemical manufacturers sell the compounds that we use to make biological solutions. Solutions with a higher concentration of salt should have a higher conductivity.
