ABSTRACT
Separations of biological materials rely on differences among them. Filtration is an example of a relatively simple and familiar separation method. The basis for separation by filtration is size difference. Separation methods all require a force. In the case of making coffee, that force is gravity. Gravity causes the liquid to move through the filter; without this force, the separation would not occur. Separations are also used for analysis, to learn something about a sample. Chromatography and electrophoresis are used for both preparative and analytical purposes. Chromatography is particularly important in biomanufacturing where it is often used to purify protein products. The force that causes this separation to occur is gravity, and the basis of separation is the relative size of the substances. Aerosol formation is inevitable during normal centrifugation, and very high levels are released if an accident occurs.
