ABSTRACT
One important challenge is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with heating, cooling, and lighting in buildings by transitioning to renewable energy, heating with electricity using heat pumps, and improving insulation. The amount of energy used in buildings is substantial; it is more than 30% of energy use. Solar energy can be used for heating, and renewable electricity can be used in many ways in buildings. Buildings last many years, and there is often a need to update them to make use of advances in efficiency, developments in materials, and modern communications. The efficiency developments in lighting enable more efficient lighting to be installed.
