ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an in-depth review of bio-coal ash, a byproduct of biomass combustion, analysing its characteristics and variations derived from different biomass sources. Variations in chemical composition, particle size, and mineral content are emphasized, particularly regarding their influence on suggested uses. This chapter explores novel applications of bio-coal ash in environmental remediation, including its potential as an adsorbent, catalyst, and soil conditioner to improve fertility and agricultural yield. In construction, bio-coal ash may function as a supplemental cementitious ingredient, enhancing sustainable building techniques. Additional possible applications encompass its function in the manufacture of glass, rubber, zeolite, and its use in anaerobic digestion to enhance biogas production efficiency. Furthermore, bio-coal ash has potential in waste management, namely in landfills, mining backfill, and composting. Nonetheless, obstacles persist, especially with heavy metal concentration and ash heterogeneity, which hinder its standardization for industrial applications. Economic, logistical, and legal obstacles further constrain its extensive use. This chapter emphasizes the necessity for ongoing study, the establishment of standards, and the creation of regulatory frameworks to address these challenges. Ultimately, bio-coal ash presents potential for enhancing a circular economy; nevertheless, sustained integration necessitates the resolution of these problems.
