ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the environmental and industrial implications of fly ash (FA) produced from coal and biomass-based power plants. We provide an outline of the types of FA used in industrial applications such as coal fly ash (CFA), rice husk ash (RHA), and bagasse ash (BA). We also discuss the environmental risks associated with improper disposal of FAs. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework as a critical tool for identifying environmental hotspots and guiding sustainable practices in the management and utilization of FA. This chapter further discusses the application of FA in various sectors, including construction, embankments, landfilling, and adsorbents, assessing their potential to reduce carbon footprints and promote a circular economy. Finally, this chapter concludes with the need for innovative approaches to repurpose FAs, minimize their environmental impact, and enhance sustainability in industrial practices.
