ABSTRACT
Electrospraying and electrospinning are two key electrohydrodynamic techniques that have revolutionized the fabrication of polymeric nanostructures for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering. These methods utilize high-voltage electric fields to generate polymeric fibers and nanoparticles with precise control over size, morphology, and composition. Electrospinning enables the production of nanofibers with tunable porosity and high surface area, making them ideal for controlled drug release, wound healing, and scaffolding in tissue engineering. Similarly, electrospraying facilitates the generation of monodisperse nanoparticles and microparticles with optimized encapsulation efficiency, improving drug stability and targeted delivery. The unique properties of electrospun nanofibers and electrosprayed particles have positioned these technologies as promising tools for developing next-generation drug delivery systems. Their ability to process a wide range of natural and synthetic polymers, incorporate bioactive molecules, and offer controlled degradation profiles enhances their versatility in biomedical applications. Despite their advantages, challenges such as scalability, process stability, and regulatory considerations must be addressed to enable widespread clinical and commercial adoption. Recent advancements, including multi-nozzle systems, hybrid processing methods, and computational modeling, have contributed to improving the reproducibility and efficiency of these techniques. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, historical development, and biomedical applications of electrospraying and electrospinning. By understanding these fundamental aspects, researchers can harness the full potential of these techniques to develop innovative drug delivery systems and advanced biomaterials, paving the way for significant improvements in patient-specific therapeutic strategies and medical treatments.
