ABSTRACT
Tissue engineering has developed as an innovative method for enhancing treatment results by ameliorating tissue abnormalities and degenerations that can significantly hinder organ function. The three primary components of tissue engineering are scaffolds, cells, and biomolecules. Electrospinning is an efficient and novel method for fabricating cell scaffolds made of sub-microscale and nanoscale fibers that closely mimic the natural extracellular matrix. However, the dense packing of fibers in electrospun scaffolds, which results in small pore sizes, raises concerns about their ability to facilitate tissue ingrowth and cell infiltration. To overcome this issue, researchers have devised and examined many techniques to modify scaffold design and increase pore size. These methodologies include physical processes such as gas foaming, salt leaching, and the use of custom-designed collectors to create electrospun scaffolds with looser fiber structures and larger pores. This chapter provides an overview of such advanced electrospinning techniques, which may inspire the development of novel methods for improving scaffold design and expanding their regenerative biomedical applications.
