ABSTRACT
Due to the increasing demand for renewable energy, several new technologies have been proposed that can efficiently convert renewable energy into practical forms of energy. Hybrid thermochemical renewable energy conversion is an effective approach that combines the strengths of chemical and thermal energy conversion to enhance effectiveness, flexibility, and scalability. To improve efficiency and sustainability, hybrid thermochemical systems that combine different conversion technologies are being explored for their potential. We review various hybrid thermochemical conversion processes, including hydrogen generation, biomass gasification, and waste-to-energy thermochemical systems. To improve the energy yield and maximize the utilization of resources, research into integrating biomass and solar thermal energy, as well as hybrid processes for hydrogen production, is discussed as a promising new method. Economic feasibility is a concern due to the substantial capital expenditure required for thermochemical processes at a high level of technology; however, ongoing research in catalyst chemistry and reactor design is bringing them within reach. This work highlights the potential of thermochemical conversion technologies in facilitating a shift toward a circular bioeconomy. Through addressing economic and environmental issues through focused innovation and research, the processes are poised to take center stage in achieving a low-carbon, sustainable energy future.
