ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the essential characteristics of renewable energy sources (RESs) and their role in sustainable energy systems. It explores the defining attributes that make energy sources viable for sustainability, including availability, renewability, environmental impact, economic affordability, and their capacity to address energy dependency issues. By highlighting the benefits of transitioning to RESs, the chapter underscores their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and local pollutants while diversifying energy supply chains.
The discussion incorporates critical evaluation metrics such as Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), which assesses the economic viability of energy sources over their lifecycles. It addresses the challenges of intermittency, capacity factors, and system modifications required for integrating RESs, such as advancements in energy storage and grid infrastructure.
The chapter also examines the externalities of conventional energy sources, including climate change and health-related costs, and how these are often excluded from traditional cost comparisons. By presenting a comprehensive framework, the chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the strategic implications of renewable energy penetration in energy systems and its role in achieving global sustainability goals.
