ABSTRACT
This chapter delves into the energy and power requirements of vehicles, focusing on the forces governing longitudinal vehicle dynamics, energy consumption patterns, and the implications of vehicle design and propulsion systems on overall efficiency. It begins by examining the fundamental components of vehicle dynamics, including traction forces, aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance, and the impact of road slopes and inertial forces, all of which influence energy and power needs across various vehicle types and missions.
Advanced modelling techniques and telemetry are explored as tools for optimizing performance and fuel efficiency, with attention given to standardized test cycles such as NEDC and WLTP and their real-world limitations. The chapter also highlights the significance of regenerative braking systems in improving energy recovery and reducing consumption, especially in urban and electric mobility applications.
Comparative analyses of energy carriers and propulsion systems provide insights into the trade-offs between internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and hybrid configurations. The discussion emphasizes the weight-to-energy trade-offs of energy storage systems (ESSs), particularly in BEVs, and the role of Well-to-Tank (WTT) and Tank-to-Wheel (TTW) emissions in evaluating environmental impacts.
By synthesizing these factors, the chapter lays a foundation for understanding how energy demand in transportation can be minimized and optimized to support the transition to sustainable mobility systems.
