ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the potential of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) to contribute to sustainable transportation, focusing on the technological aspects of fuel cells and their advantages over traditional internal combustion engines (ICEs). Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from hydrogen or other fuels directly into electricity, offering high efficiency, zero local emissions, and scalability for various vehicle types.
The chapter provides an overview of key fuel cell technologies suitable for automotive applications, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Among these, PEMFCs emerge as the leading choice for FCEVs due to their compact size, quick startup, and high power density. The advantages of hybridization in fuel cell systems are also explored, highlighting the integration of batteries or supercapacitors to enhance performance, energy efficiency, and operational longevity.
Challenges such as hydrogen production, storage, and refuelling infrastructure are critically analysed, alongside advancements in catalyst development and system optimization. The chapter concludes by positioning FCEVs as a key solution for long-distance and heavy-duty applications, complementing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the broader transition to sustainable mobility.
