ABSTRACT
Genomic technologies like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR-Cas9 have revolutionized biological research, providing powerful tools for understanding complex biological systems and addressing many health challenges. NGS has been utilized in the identification of genetic variations, enabling comprehensive genome analysis with exceptional results. This technology aids personalized therapy by elucidating the molecular origins of diseases, identifying biomarkers, and guiding targeted therapies. Moreover, on the other side, CRISPR-Cas9, characterized by its accuracy and versatility, has exceptional prospects for genome editing, providing applications from fundamental research to therapeutic uses. These genomic techniques have expanded our ability to study gene functions, engineer model organisms, and develop innovative treatments for genetic disorders and cancer. Furthermore, the integration of NGS with CRISPR improves our capacity to discover and evaluate therapeutic targets, facilitating personalized treatments and mitigating the limitations of common methods. Although both techniques come with many challenges, including ethical considerations, off-target effects, and data interpretation, they propose future directions for research and clinical implementation. The chapter explains the mechanisms, advancements, and applications of NGS and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies. Moreover, it highlights their synergistic roles in personalized medicine, cancer research, and functional genomics. By integrating genomic discoveries with functional editing, NGS and CRISPR signify a new stage of precision research with revolutionary potential across multiple fields.
