ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the global security environment shaped by geopolitical tensions, technological progress and emerging threats. It highlights the dynamics of international relations, the role of global powers and the growing importance of hybrid warfare, cyberattacks, terrorism and organised crime. Particular attention is paid to the challenges posed by disinformation, critical infrastructure vulnerabilities and the militarisation of new domains such as cyberspace and outer space. The analysis also addresses the role of international organisations, alliances and cooperative security mechanisms in mitigating risks and fostering stability. Furthermore, the chapter underscores the necessity of resilience, adaptive strategies and innovative technologies to ensure preparedness for both traditional and non-traditional threats. The discussion concludes that sustainable global security requires coordinated efforts, effective governance and multilateral cooperation.
