ABSTRACT
Assessing liquefaction potential of levees is critical for ensuring their stability in seismically active regions. However, the linear nature of levees, coupled with spatial variability in subsurface conditions, makes this task particularly challenging. This study presents a multi-method investigation into the liquefaction potential of a levee that experienced significant damage due to liquefaction triggered by the 2020 Petrinja earthquake in Croatia. Three complementary techniques - Cone Penetration Test (CPT), Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) - were employed to characterize the subsurface and evaluate the likelihood of liquefaction, where each method contributes distinct advantages and faces specific limitations. By synthesizing results from these techniques, the study demonstrates how their integration enhances the reliability of liquefaction assessments. The findings highlight the importance of using a customized, site-specific approach that combines multiple-method approach to seismic hazard mitigation for levee systems, particularly in areas vulnerable to earthquake-induced liquefaction.
