ABSTRACT
Objectives: To review the morphology of the mandible and maxilla for sex determination using visual and anthropometric analysis. Methods: The Authors conducted a literature study on journals published within the years 2015-2024 with a specific focus on the mandible and maxilla. Results: The mandible, being robust and enduring decomposition, provides valuable information for sex determination. Sexual dimorphism is evident in various mandibular features such as the ramus, condyle, and gonial angle. Hormonal influences like testosterone and Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), particularly in males, different ethnicities, lifestyle, and chewing patterns, also affect mandibular development. In the maxilla, sexual dimorphism is observed through different palatal dimensions and the maxillary arch, specifically the intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar distances. Conclusion: Although sex can be determined through the mandible and the maxilla, factors such as environment, maternal health, and ethnic variability should be considered. Furthermore, the use of anthropometric methods enhances the accuracy of sex determination.
