ABSTRACT
This study explores the connection between decentralisation and local governance by assessing how shifting authority from central to local governments influences public service delivery, democratic participation and administrative efficiency. It categorises decentralisation into political, administrative and fiscal dimensions and applies a qualitative comparative case study of Nigeria and Sweden two countries with contrasting decentralisation models.
Sweden exemplifies a mature and institutionalised decentralised system, marked by strong fiscal autonomy, administrative competence and active local democratic engagement. Its municipalities operate with considerable discretion, supported by stable funding mechanisms and independent revenue sources, fostering accountability and responsive governance.
In contrast, Nigeria demonstrates a more centralised and developing structure. Although the constitution recognises local government autonomy, real power remains concentrated. Reliance on federal allocations, limited fiscal control and political interference significantly impede local governance effectiveness.
The findings indicate that decentralisation's success relies heavily on context. Sweden benefits from institutional coherence and fiscal empowerment while Nigeria's experience reveals the challenges of inadequate autonomy and institutional weakness. The research concludes that decentralisation must be adapted to each country's political, institutional and cultural context to achieve meaningful governance outcomes.
