ABSTRACT
When discussing human-like robots, one might think that their resemblance to humans will not be limited to external shells, but also extend to their behaviors. That human-like robot will be almost the same, except for the matters from which both kinds of entities are built. To what extent are these scenarios possible? The previous two chapters focused on the external aspects of human likeness that do not pose a serious challenge to contemporary technology. This chapter is different, and it deals with one of the main concerns about the ethical issues related to artificial intelligence (AI) and robots, namely, the ethical behavior of AI/robots and responsibility for actions involving such tools (cf. e.g., Dignum 2019; Kokkonen 2020). This chapter focuses on those issues from the perspective of the main frame of this book, which is human likeness. There will be engagement with two questions that involve that frame. First, can robots have human-like ethics? Second, can robots be responsible in a human-like sense? These issues, while being only a subsection of the general issues of robot ethics and the responsibility for robot actions, are still issues that cover many problems that cannot be resolved fully in the length of a single chapter. Instead, the aim of this chapter is to show why the task of creating robots that have human-like ethics and are responsible in the human sense is harder than it might seem to be, or even impossible. Before going into those questions, let us consider scenarios that will help to illustrate the matter of the chapter.
