ABSTRACT
Sensing and perception by robots enable them to perceive their surroundings, allowing them to interact with their environment. Actuators and end-effectors of robots power their movements and actions. Different types of robot cameras are mentioned. Considerations for robot camera mounting are described together with their typical mounting configurations and applications. The principle of operation, principal components, applications, advantages, and limitations of robotic light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) sensors are elaborated. Robots are equipped with various sensors, among which accelerometers, tactile sensors, proximity sensors, position distance sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are most commonly used in a typical robot. The robot also has a microphone, speaker, and text-to-speech synthesizer for easy interaction with humans. Several types of actuation motors used in robotics are discussed, along with their corresponding selection criteria. Among these, the DC motors, brushless DC motors, servo and stepper motors, alternating current (AC) motors, linear motors, pneumatic vane/hydraulic motors, piezoelectric, and magnetic field motors are prominent.
