ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the signed embedding technique, the directed embedding technique, and the composition of layered models technique and show how to use them to embed directed, signed networks. Social networks that contain both positively and negatively weighted relationships often tend also to require the directions of these relationships to be taken into account. The positive relationships contain a surprise, since they show that the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) has some indirect positive relationships with the government, even though GIA attacks civilians. The visualizations are useful but become hard to interpret for large numbers of nodes or complex structure. Computing the normalized edge lengths for the extra edges between versions of the same node focuses attention on those that are unusual. The nodes highlighted here are all among the most important actors of the Northern Nigeria conflict, which opposes Boko Haram to both the Nigerian government and to Nigerian civilians.
