ABSTRACT
In internal forced convection, the heat flow moves through the internal surface of a passage and forms an internal boundary layer on the surface. For example, fluid flowing through a circular tube or between two parallel plates is a most common application. In the intermediate-level heat transfer, this chapter focuses on how to solve fully developed heat transfer problems for flow between two parallel plates or inside circular tubes at uniform surface heat flux boundary conditions (BCs). Laminar flow heat transfer depends on thermal BCs. However, turbulent flow heat transfer is fairly independent of thermal BCs (particularly for Prandtl number around one such as air). Typical thermal BCs are uniform heat flux and uniform wall temperature. The chapter shows the laminar flow in a circular tube with a uniform surface heat flux condition and the thermal boundary layer, temperature, and the heat transfer coefficient (Nusselt number) along the tube.
