ABSTRACT
This chapter provides the relevance of electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs) hybridized with batteries and fuel cells (FCs) to integrate their respective strengths. In comparison with typical primary energy sources such as batteries, fuel cells, and internal combustion engines, ESs are particularly useful for addressing typical or periodic high pulse power demands made by a system load to an otherwise slow-to-respond energy supply. Hybrid energy-storage systems (HESS) contain at minimum two dissimilar energy storage systems. The primary objective of their development is an improvement of electrical energy storage. The FC presents a clean power source alternative to internal combustion engines. HESS coupling of ES to FC is done to exploit the ability of the former to respond to rapid increases in power demand. Power system designs are required in every application and are achieved by the implementation of a chosen topology.
