ABSTRACT
For the purposes of integrated environmental assessment (IEA), conceptual frameworks are analytical tools and symbolic, highlevel, easytoremember representations of how the world is structured and works. Framing has been identified as a critical component for studying sciencepolicy controversies that are often at the heart of IEAs (Rein and Schön, 1996). Formal conceptual frameworks for analysing environmentsociety interactions have been in place for several decades and used in various contexts – organizational, such as placebased with ecosystem or administrative boundaries; functional, such as supplychain related; thematic and problemoriented such as climate change, biodiversity; or sectoral, such as agriculture or industry. (Figure 2.1.1) They may also embrace and integrate different theoretical and policy perspectives, such as sustainability, resilience or transitions.
