ABSTRACT
Income-earning opportunities are the incentive that draws many rural inhabitants to the city. Other reasons include the ‘push’ of environmental degradation – either long term, such as land degradation, or catastrophic, such as a major drought or flood. Box 4.5 provides individual cases of motivations for moves in the case of people migrating to Durban in South Africa. Some researchers argue that many national education systems are urban-oriented and encourage young rural people to go in search of urban-based jobs that will make use of their skills and pay them more than farming or other rural occupations.
