ABSTRACT
Chapter 2 opens a window on discussions of benefit-sharing in local communities by presenting snapshots of five case studies. The case studies are chosen not because the communities concerned are already involved in benefit-sharing agreements, but because they have considered, are negotiating, or have developed a community protocol. This means that these communities have talked about benefit-sharing, and their framings of this global policy can be gleaned from their discussions. The five case studies cover traditional goat pastoralists in Ikaria, Greece, and themes linked to access to land; traditional health practitioners in Bushbuckridge, South Africa, and themes linked to access to medicinal plants; Khwe residents of Bwabwata National Park, Namibia, and themes linked to wildlife management; residents around the Olaroz and Salinas Grandes salt flats, Argentina, and themes linked to lithium mining; and, finally, the Kelabit community of Bario, Malaysia, and themes linked to rice agriculture. The descriptions of the case studies focus on governance contexts and the discussions of local communities, and give the reader a key to understand how each case demonstrates the common themes presented in Chapter 3.
