ABSTRACT
This chapter explores understandings of “responsibility”, and outlines the major approaches to environmental responsibility. After consideration of liberal views of environmental responsibility, the chapter introduces the Foucauldian concept of governmentality, and its derivative, environmentality, and the term responsibilisation, as these terms are potentially relevant for one Indonesia context, the city of Surabaya, where environmentalism is to some extent compulsory. Then the chapter elaborates on Young’s approach to “responsibility for justice”, which is basically a moral approach to environmental responsibility, and shows how it is appropriate in the Indonesia context.
In Indonesia, an enduring aim of education is to create loyal citizens. Given the strength of citizenship education in schools in Indonesia since 1945, the wave of Islamisation in Indonesia since around 1990, and the strength of the discourse around morality (and especially character education) in Indonesia today, the book argues that environmentally responsible citizenship could resonate as a culturally appropriate discourse in Indonesia. The chapter therefore traces some of the major theories of environmental citizenship, as this is the frame that we propose will best get traction in the context of the Indonesian education system.
