ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses what tools Czech artists and art writers used to achieve creating a sense of new Czech art. The Manifesto of Czech Modernism was addressed to a modern, progressive Czech nation that would embrace all parties and strata of society, especially women and workers. The Manifesto of Czech Modernism was clear about what role it desired for women in modern Czech society when it called for women to have better access to cultural and social life. Artists and theorists in the Czech lands and elsewhere related this modern orientation of art with the freedom and independence of individual expression, as well as an awareness of international developments in art. One of the key issues that female artists in the Czech lands had to face was that women had been traditionally associated with handicrafts, especially needlework and lace making.
