ABSTRACT
Modern and plural societies base their political regimes on certain basic and inalienable values. These values, namely freedom, equality, and solidarity, are structural elements in the complex relationship between citizens and the state. Thus, to realize these rights, several welfare state formulations have been devised over the last century. The core axis of these formulations is the ideal that any person should be under the protective sphere of society, regardless of their income or education level or the result of the biological lottery.
The emergence of social rights, such as the right to access health, education, and/or social protection, is part of this path of solidarity among members of society under equal opportunity conditions. The welfare state then emerges as an instrument that aims to guarantee the effective exercise of these rights. The goal is to build a modern, developed, and equitable society. Equal opportunity in access to social goods has been instrumental in achieving this pattern of social interaction. A modern and sustainable vision of the welfare state may be the answer to the variable geometry that exists on a global scale.
