ABSTRACT
In India private tutoring, especially when delivered one-to-one or in small groups, is commonly called tuition; and more formal provision is commonly called coaching, though the terms are applied loosely and in overlapping ways. This chapter commences with some historical perspectives, noting the way in which shadow education eventually reached the national government agenda. It then presents statistics on the scale of shadow education, showing much diversity around the country. This diversity has parallels in the regulatory domain, which reflects complexities arising from the decentralised nature of governance. The chapter also remarks on business models that include tutoring provided by teachers, coaching institutes, technology companies, and an “education city” that is particularly famous for intensive tutoring.
