ABSTRACT
With the findings from the analysis of interventions funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in fragile and conflict situations, this chapter discusses a typology of the key pathways by which conflict and fragility affect GEF projects. It also addresses the resulting impacts of conflict and fragility on GEF projects, particularly with respect to relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. Conflict and fragility affect GEF projects by five key pathways: physical insecurity, social conflict, economic drivers, political fragility and weak governance, and coping strategies. Social conflict and mistrust have affected the performance and outcome of numerous GEF projects. Moreover, influxes of refugees, internally displaced persons, and migrants can generate social conflict and tensions. In Mali and Burundi, GEF projects have also needed to navigate social conflicts between ethnic groups related to land tenure. Impacts from coping strategies are linked to local and regional security, refugee influx, and climatic stressors.
