ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes in-depth analyses of projects in fragile and conflict-affected contexts funded by the Global Environment Facility in Mali and the Albertine Rift, a 920-mile area that includes portions of six African nations, to explore the impact of conflict and fragility on environmental projects in Africa. Since gaining its independence in 1960, Mali has experienced decades of instability. The Tuareg, a seminomadic ethnic minority, and Arab groups in the sparsely populated north have led four separatist rebellions since 1963 to secure autonomy for the region they named Azawad. Since gaining its independence in 1960, Mali has experienced decades of instability. The Tuareg, a seminomadic ethnic minority, and Arab groups in the sparsely populated north have led four separatist rebellions since 1963 to secure autonomy for the region they named Azawad. In 2015, the Malian government and two rival coalitions of armed groups in the north signed a peace accord.
