ABSTRACT
This chapter covers marginalization effects. Unintended marginalization effects occur when an external intervention contributes to an increase in inequality by weakening or leaving behind already vulnerable groups, in either a relative or an absolute sense. This chapter covers three kinds of marginalization effects: elite capture effects, regressive targeting effects, and charitable consumerism effects. Elite capture effects occur when an external intervention increases the divide between the relatively well-off and the impoverished because the upper class siphons off the aid. Regressive targeting effects occur when the external intervention is provided in such a way that certain barriers make it more difficult for the already marginalized to benefit from the aid. Charitable consumerism effects occur when the external intervention is driven more by the individual needs of the donor than the needs of the beneficiaries, and the resulting intervention weakens the intended beneficiary.
