ABSTRACT
This chapter is about the management of science in HEIs. It concerns a complex, not very tangible, and creative activity, the effects of which we see years later. And yet developments information networks, the digital transformation, the publishing and journal market, and academia have made science management a competitive advantage. International indexing, impact measures, and scientometrics allow for a quick and cheap measurement of the value of the output created, or instead, only the measurement of the value of the publication of scientific output accepted by the scientific community in given disciplines. We are thus missing out on undervalued and unrecognized results that are not published in the relevant journal or publishing house. Yet, unconventional research results can be the most innovative. Founding science management systems on scientometrics and excellence rankings has several limitations, but this does not change the fact that it is a very fast-growing area of university management. It provides a quick and relatively straightforward measurement of scientific achievements, allowing multi-level comparisons: Of universities, countries, disciplines, or staff. This favors the development of controlling systems in science, leading not only to the measurement of results but also to basing on them the systems of evaluation and motivation of science employees and steering the science policy. Therefore, it is also worth drawing attention here to the danger of excessive scientific accountability, which may limit the creativity and independence of researchers.
