ABSTRACT
Artisanal mining plays a significant role in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, contributing to livelihoods and income. However, its informal and unsustainable practices lead to environmental degradation, social inequalities, and economic volatility, triggering conflicts and undermining regional policy objectives. This paper emphasises the need to address hazardscapes and conflicts associated with artisanal mining through conflict management mechanisms, improved health and safety standards, and a clear regulatory framework. Mining activities also disrupt development corridors and infrastructure plans, hindering regional connectivity and sustainable development. To tackle the social and environmental consequences of artisanal mining, measures promoting social inclusion, protecting miners’ rights, empowering local communities, and enhancing stakeholder cooperation are essential. Integrating principles and guidelines from African Mining Vision (AMV) into national policies can enhance sustainable development in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector. Formalisation is vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, reducing conflict and illegal mining, and fostering social and economic development in mining communities, unlocking the full potential of artisanal mining for the SADC region's benefit. The case study of Kimberley, South Africa, highlights artisanal miners’ challenges and the formalisation process's success factors, providing valuable insights for shaping effective policies in the region. By implementing the recommended strategies, SADC countries can harness the potential of artisanal mining while mitigating its negative impacts, fostering a more sustainable and responsible mining sector that benefits both the miners and the broader society.
