ABSTRACT
Chapter 3 explores the many ways that learning helps humans reach their full potential. It begins with a review of varying definitions of “learning” and the ways that we adapt to life's experiences, manage challenges that arise, and find a sense of well-being. Theories of learning were strongly influenced by psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov and Jean Piaget, who focused on universals in human learning. Second, the chapter considers how learning varies in practice, across cultures and contexts—whether in or out of school. Third, a learning framework of formal and non-formal contexts and practices is described, laying out how life experiences contribute meaningfully to personal growth and development. The chapter then reviews barriers to effective learning, such as gender disparities and ethnolinguistic differences, and also points out the importance of responsive environments, learning curves, and the “opportunity to learn” as avenues for improving children's capabilities. Ultimately, the chapter argues that the oft-described global “education crisis” is really a “learning crisis”.
