ABSTRACT
The chapter considers the formation of paideia (education) in world history and the two main approaches that sophists and philosophers formed. For more than 2,000 years, these approaches have been developed and advanced, but, at the same time, their fundamental characteristics remain unchanged. Moreover, these characteristics inextricably link politeia and paideia and do not allow us to examine these two spheres of activity separately. The chapter focuses on the philosophical approach and its achievements. The features of the institutionalisation of philosophy in the Academy, the fundamental characteristics and features of their development in world history up to the present time and the “Agathós Above All” principle are considered. It is proved that philosophy, and therefore “to practice dialectics,” or “discursively think through,” is the upward path into the past to the unmixed/pure (eilikrinēs) “Order.” It was concluded that the politeia and paideia, which are developed by sophists, meet society's vital needs in the present and partially prepare society for the future. At that time, philosophy gives direction to the politeia and paideia “to beget and grow up” the disclosed aretē (aretē alēthinē).
