ABSTRACT
Like all Italian public administration, the civil service in Italy has been subject to countless reforms since the post-war period, which have intensified in recent decades. A system centred on administrative law and public law employment has been replaced by a mixed system, partly under private (labour) law and partly under public law, according to the civil service sector. The result is complex and not yet completely settled. Indeed, changes are still underway as part of the reforms envisaged by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of 2021. The Italian civil servant regulations seek a balance between the effectiveness of administrative action in the public interest and cost reduction, flexibility, stability, professionalism, and impartiality. So far, this balance has not been very successful.
