ABSTRACT
Nature-based solutions (NBS) emerged in the early 2000s as a framework to address climate change and biodiversity challenges through ecosystem-based approaches. NBS are actions that protect, manage, and restore ecosystems to tackle societal issues while enhancing human well-being and biodiversity. The concept has evolved to include green/blue infrastructure and ecosystem services, focusing on creating resilient socio-ecological systems. Despite its broad applications, NBS must be carefully designed to ensure they provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. This chapter discusses NBS in the context of biodiversity, emphasizing the need for integrating ecosystem services with biodiversity conservation. It outlines strategies such as enhancing urban ecological resilience, restoring natural habitats, and implementing green infrastructure. Case studies from urban parks and agricultural settings illustrate how NBS can be used to foster biodiversity, from preserving existing ecosystems to creating new biotopes. Key themes include the balance between human needs and ecosystem services, the importance of native species in NBS design, and the potential of NBS to support both plant and animal diversity. This chapter concludes by stressing the role of thoughtful NBS planning in advancing biodiversity conservation and resilience in urban environments.
