ABSTRACT
This chapter presents some of the key developmental anomalies that may be identified in human skeletal remains. These anomalies may appear at birth or later in life, as a result of genetic and environmental factors. The chapter is organised per anatomical area affected by each condition (skull, spine, thorax, long bones, shoulder girdle, hand and foot bones), while conditions involving multiple anatomical areas or even the entire skeleton are presented at the end. For each condition, a brief description of the causative mechanisms and its skeletal manifestation is given, while references and suggested readings at the end of the chapter provide additional important resources.
