ABSTRACT
In the annals of human history, Ancient Western philosophy stands as a beacon of intellectual pursuit, a symphony of ideas that harmonised the diverse facets of human existence. This period was a crucible of civilisations, witnessing the confluence of empires, the dawn of democracies, and the genesis of some of the most transformative ideas that continue to echo in the corridors of modern thought. Against this rich tapestry, the concept of leadership emerged, informed and inspired by the philosophical paradigms of the time (Broadie, 2011). In this chapter, the reader is invited to traverse the landscapes of ancient Athens, the courtyards of Roman forums, and the serene pathways of Jerusalem, exploring the nuances of leadership as espoused by five towering figures: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Jesus of Nazareth, and Marcus Aurelius. The era under consideration, stretching from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE, witnessed profound changes. Societies transitioned from oligarchies to nascent democracies, empires rose and fell, and individuals began to explore their relationship with the cosmos, the state, and each other (Rowe & Schofield, 2000). The ethos of this time was marked by relentless enquiry and an undying thirst for knowledge. Political turbulence, coupled with socio-economic shifts, necessitated reflections on governance, justice, ethics, and the very nature of power.
