ABSTRACT
This chapter revisits India's and China's military acquisition and integration models for artificial intelligence (AI). It focuses on the evolution of their AI ecosystems, re-examining how they have implemented their respective AI strategies and training initiatives, and looking at new advances in their AI-enabled systems and platforms. The chapter concludes that India has made strides in civil–military and public–private sector engagement in AI development, yielding AI-enabled systems with applications in securing its borders as well as in anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare. China has also made strategic and normative developments to keep apace of its technological advances, particularly on AI governance and human control. Thus, while still asymmetric in investment and scale, India's and China's models have both started to demonstrate greater alignment of aiming and arming.
