ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses the management of risks in critical infrastructures as a crucial part of smart city development. Building on the exploration of relevant theory on cyber-physical systems and organizational factors, as well as on experiences and practical examples from Stavanger, Norway, it explores the organizational context that influences the relationship between the cyber system and the physical system of critical infrastructures in smart cities and regions. The development and new ways of using technologies such as smart-metered electricity grids and smart water management create potential for huge benefits to society. However, they also have the potential to introduce new risks due to interconnections in already complex critical infrastructure systems. The chapter argues that a siloed approach to managing risks in today’s rapidly changing smart cities will be a major challenge and potentially increase the risk of unwanted consequences, attacks, accidents, and even catastrophic breakdowns of city infrastructures. Where smart sustainable city developments currently have increased the attention to challenges related to citizen involvement and engagement, equal advancements need to be made related to how safety and security management of critical infrastructures should be co-organized in networks to create a systemic management of risks within city or municipality governments and between public and private partners.
